Ī putative pathophysiological mechanism of the disease is through products of nonenzymatic glycosylation, named advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). Projections compute that by 2050 the number of Americans aged 40 years and older with DR and vision-threatening DR will triple compared to 2005 numbers (from 5.5 million to 16.0 million for the former and 1.2 million to 3.4 million for the latter). It is estimated that 33,000 new cases of diabetic macular edema, 86,000 new cases of proliferative DR, and 12,000-14,000 new cases of blindness are caused by DR each year in the United States alone. This disease is the leading cause of blindness among working-age Americans. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and more than 75% of patients who have had diabetes for more than 20 years will have some degree of DR.
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